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Cybernetics is the science that studies, in synthetic or comparative way, complex entities that
have self-determination and self-government, in order to realize a stated purpose.
Such entities can be machines, that is produced of the technique, or living beings, that is
with own life, or social groups or complex natural phenomena, that is sets of interdependent units.
The more interesting part of Cybernetics studies the machines and gives rise to the Theory
of Automatons, that examines the artificial organisms and their characteristics.
The complexes or finished automatons are formed from more simple automatisms,
and are composed of mechanical and electronic parts (hardware) and controlled from computers
through codified instructions (software). A particularly complex automaton is called "Robot",
that is a mechanism that can be programmed and instructd in order to carry out a great
and complex variety of operations, and that it can vary the own actions, according to the received
instructions, in relation to the changes of the environmental conditions, that it must be able
to observe and recognize.
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